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[FPCAP]
FlightPower Baseball Cap |
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FlightPower Discharge Performance
Discharge Performance. Pictured left is the Enerland discharge
curve for the this cell type created using an Arbin Instruments
industrial battery tester. The practical outcome is extremely high
voltage held under load which means that when more Amps are drawn at
high throttle more Watts are delivered (instead of the volts
dropping away). Amps x Volts = power in Watts. The FlightPower EVO
20 manufacturing process has been designed with the RC user in mind
to ensure that packs created from multiple cells are able to hit the
target of multiples of the voltage performance seen here. Accurate
cell matching during manufacture and low resistance joints are the
key to achieving this and verification has taken the form of
high-discharge load tests using brushless motor loads as well as
numerous independent flight tests by world-famous pilots and the
testing houses of large distributors, all of which have confirming
that the EVO 20 product is a performance leader in a class of its
own.
In common with other reputable makes of RC battery, the
continuous C-rating of "20 C" applied to the EVO 20 line is a
measure of the maximum continuous current drawn before the pack will
suffer excessive wear, however depending on the brand, the
definition of excessive wear can be unclear and can range from
immediate damage to a number of cycles. In the case of FlightPower
EVO 20 we estimate 50 charge and discharge cycles using a 20C motor
and prop/EDF load under a 1 C charging regime and have satisfied
ourselves in testing that we can exceed this in real life. The vast
majority of RC applications use a great variety of throttle demands
during discharge therefore the purpose of selecting a 20C EVO 20
battery pack is to ensure an exciting throttle response is available
upon demand. |
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FlightPower In Use
The graph above (Courtesy of Christain Samuels - Team
Mikado) shows the discharge profile of a FlightPower EVO 20 3300mAh
10s1p pack in use in a Mikado Logo 14 V-Bar helicopter during
extreme 3D. The pack is holding an average 3.61 V per cell at a
median of 10C (outperforming the Volts per cell above in a 10s
configuration) with numerous calls for 20C (66 Amps) and peaks
approaching 30C balanced by numerous off-throttle calls. The peak
demand in Watts is 3019 (4.05 Horsepower) outclassing the best of
alternative brands in the same series of tests by 10% with a weight
saving of 14% over the same. At the end of this flight the battery
had delivered 3419 mAh against a rated capacity of 3300mAh and had
reached a temperature of 40 Degrees C indicating very little thermal
stress and therefore a prognosis of high reliability in this
application. In live tests such as this, the FlightPower EVO 20
battery type achieves the highest voltage under load and the highest
retained capacity available in an RC battery.
The example here shows extreme 3D performance using a large
battery delivering power beyond the capability of most RC pilots to
control. Across the FlightPower EVO 20 range, the benefits of
exciting verticals, big loops and high reliability are available to
all.
In summary, the FlightPower EVO 20 battery type is particularly well
suited to RC applications! |
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FlightPower Thermal Performance
Thermal performance: Shown left is the temperature reached at 20C
constant in an ambient temperature of 23 degrees C. This is the
limit of the rated performance. For normal applications and for good
cycle life it is recommended that the temperature be constrained to
a maximum of 50 Degrees Centigrade at the end of a flight.
This is done by selecting motor and propeller combinations that
normally draw less current than the limit of the rated performance.
By definition a 1C discharge will deplete the full capacity of the
pack in one hour. 20C therefore will deplete the pack in 1/20th of
an hour or 3 Minutes (2.5 minutes in all practicality). Because it
is nearly always desirable to carry a battery pack of sufficient
capacity to fly the model for longer than 2.5 minutes, normally for
6 minutes for absolutely extreme performance (10C average with high
peaks and troughs as in the above example) and very often for 10
minutes or more outside of the competition environment. For this
reason, the FlightPower EVO 20 battery line is famous for arriving
cool after delivering a very exciting performances. The other
notable feature is that very often each cell in the pack will remain
matched by voltage +/- 0.001 Volts after many successive flights.
This is owing to the matching during manufacture. Over many 10s of
cycles this can be maintained with the use of a cell balancer. |
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FlightPower Life Cycles
Cycle life: Shown above is the cyclic performance at 20C showing
the reduction in voltage-under-load performance and capacity over 50
cycles. This is the limit of rated performance.
As a guideline:
- 1 C Charge 20C average Discharge, cycle life expectation: 50
Cycles to 80% Capacity. This will only affect the craziest EDF
projects and must be factored in as the normal running cost of
such applications.
- 1C Charge 10C average Discharge, cycle life expectation: 200
Cycles to 80% Capacity. This represents the limit of normal RC
use and most users should regard 200 Cycles as a minimum
expectation to 80% retained capacity, of course the pack will
normally continue to function well beyond this point.
- 2.5C Charge 10C Discharge, cycle life expectation: 100
Cycles to 80% Capacity. Fast charging at 2.5C is possible with
the FlightPower EVO 20 packs in exchange for a reduction in
cycle life. This is recommended "in case of need" and use of a
balancer is advised.
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FlightPower Specifications
The table above shows the weighs and dimensions for the FlightPower
EVO 20 battery range.
Voltages shown are "nominal" this means 3.7V per cell. In use, each
cell will range between 4.2V and 3.0V in the charged and discharged
states and will run somewhere between 3.0 and 3.7 V under load
depending on the level of charge remaining and the Amp draw.
Weights (in grams and also in ounces) include the completed pack
with Kapton and Filament tape, labels, final covering of clear
protective heat shrink, appropriate silicone main-power wires and
the balancer adapter leads and connector. FlightPower EVO 20 packs
are supplied with the main power wires terminated with heat shrink.
Dimensions are measured at the extremes of the main body of the pack
excluding external wiring.
"S and P" denote series and parallel cell configurations. Most packs
are of the "1P" type meaning series-only. FlightPower's advanced
manufacturing capability allows for very high S-counts (high
voltage) and multi-parallel (high capacity) packs with total quality
assurance backed up with full warranty. The benefits of advanced
manufacturing are built into all EVO 20 packs from the smallest to
the largest.
Tip: If this battery is the correct one for your needs you can close
this window and return to the catalog page for this product,
alternatively you may have identified that the next size up or down
would be a better fit.
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FlightPower Cell Balancing
Cell balancing (as oposed to cell matching) is the process of
equalising the voltages of each cell in a pack. The open-circuit
voltage of each cell and during charging is normally a good analogy
to the state of charge. Equalising the charge state and resisting /
preventing overcharging at the cell level is good maintenance
practice and will normally result in improved performance, improved
cycle life and increased safety.
Balancing Methods:
- Manual, using the appropriate FlightPower Diagnostic
lead it is possible to charge and discharge cells individually
as "1S" using a charger with a discharging function or another
low current DC load. Match voltages with a meter.
- Using a cell balancer module. A cell balancer of the
type offered by FlightPower is a true equalising balancer. This
means that it will analyse the charge state of each cell in the
pack whether on charge or not, and then attempt to discharge any
cell that has a higher voltage than the lowest common
denominator. This type will also attempt to discharge any cell
that exceeds 4.21V. Using this kind of balancer, the pack is
charged through the main power leads.
- Pass-through balancer. This kind of balancer performs
in a similar manner to the cell balancer module except that the
during charging the balancer is connected to the balancer and
the balancer manages the charging of each cell individually.
This kind of balancer is able to switch off the current to any
cell exceeding 4.21V to prevent overcharging.
- Balancing charger. A balancing charger charges the
pack through the balancer connector and not through the main
power leads. Each cell is charged individually and overcharge
protection is inherent to the charge method.*Note, please check
the final voltage delivered by some budget balancing chargers
and ensure the pack is taken off charge as soon as it is at
4.21V per cell.
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FlightPower Charging
Caution: Maximum care and appropriate equipment in the area of
charging are mandatory for the safe operation of Lithium Polymer
batteries.
A lithium Polymer compatible charger is the minimum requirement.
With Lithium Polymer (and Lithium Ion) battery types there is no
delta peak to for a delta peak charger to detect and therefore the
use of a NiCd or NiMH charger or a multifunction charger set to NiCd
or NiMH mode is expressly dangerous (fire hazzard).
Lithium Polymer battery chargers operate using a CC+CV charging
profile, this means that the current (Amps or Milli-Amps) set will
apply to the charge cycle during an initial "Constant Current" mode
until the voltage of the pack reaches around 4.0V per cell. After
this the charger will change mode to Constant Voltage charging and
will terminate when the pack is drawing only a very small amount of
current.
Charge Rate: The FlightPower EVO 20 range should normally be
charged at 1C during the Constant Current phase of charging (the
charge current setting on the charger). This means that an EVO 20
1800 mAh pack should normally be charged at 1.8 Amps (or 1800 Milli
Amps). This will result in a pack that is 90% full in around 1 hour.
Fast Charging: In conjunction with Enerland, the FlightPower
EVO 20 range has been qualified for 2.5C charging as a combination
of cell technology and matching by FlightPower at the point of
manufacture. This means that an EVO 20 1800 mAh pack can be
fast-charged at 4.5 Amps (or 4500 mAh). This will result in a pack
that is 90% full in around 25 minutes. (All) fast charging of
rechargeable chemistry results in a reduction in cycle life, it is
therefore recommended that fast charging be done when time is of the
essence. |
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